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The name for this process is protein turnover.įinally, your body also stores small amounts of amino acids inside and outside of cells. Not only that, but your body can also recycle those same proteins and amino acids later on, even if you don’t supply it with new protein. When your liver releases amino acids into circulation, your body can use them for protein synthesis, which is the process of building new proteins.Īnd protein synthesis is an essential step in cell division, tissue repair, and building new muscle. Your liver also controls the blood levels of amino acids for your entire body. Because ammonia is toxic, your liver converts it to urea as a non-toxic way to eliminate excess nitrogen from your body.Īfter that, your body transports the newly-created urea to your kidneys, which eventually discharge it as urine. But only branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can be oxidized outside your liver (by muscle tissue, for example).Īnd when your liver uses amino acids for fuel, it creates ammonia as a byproduct. Once in your liver, some amino acids may be oxidized (used for energy). Absorption, Oxidation, and Liver Regulationĭuring a process called peristalsis, involuntary muscular contractions move your meal through your small intestine.Īnd as the protein you ate moves through your small intestine, extra enzymes from your intestinal cells continue to break proteins down.Īs the recently-shortened proteins and amino acids make their way through your small intestine, tiny hair-like structures called microvilli help your body absorb the protein meal into your intestinal bloodstream.įrom your intestinal bloodstream, short-chain proteins and amino acids pass on to your liver through your portal vein (the blood vessel that transports blood from your gastrointestinal tract to your liver). That’s also when your pancreas releases enzymes to break proteins down into shorter chains of protein and individual amino acids.Īnd in the first part of the small intestine, your body also neutralizes the acidity of the protein, which is a necessary step for absorption.
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Next, the protein you ate reaches your small intestine. Saliva contains proteolytic enzymes that help break whole proteins down into smaller parts.Īfter you swallow, gastric fluids in your stomach further break down protein with a combination of hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases. In your mouth, chewing breaks down food mechanically.Īnd as you chew, the saliva in your mouth begins the process of protein digestion. Protein Absorption: Practical TakeawaysĪlthough most people take the digestion and absorption of protein for granted, the process is far from simple.Īs soon as you start to drink a protein shake or chow down on a juicy steak, here’s what occurs.How Much Protein Can You Absorb Per Day?.How Much Protein Can You Absorb Per Meal?.